died May 23, 1906, Kristiania Norwegian playwright. His first studies dealt with Indian literature and cultures, but he became internationally recognized for The Waning of the Middle Ages (1919), a lively examination of life in France and Holland in the 14th–15th centuries.ĥ. He was professor of history at Groningen (1905–15) and then at Leiden until 1942, when he was held as a hostage by the Nazis he remained under open arrest until his death. died February 1, 1945, De Steeg Dutch historian. His foreign policy led to a long and favourable period of peace.Ĥ. On the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John became king of Sweden and Norway. He helped defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig, then defeated France's ally Denmark, forcing that country to transfer Norway to the Swedish crown. In 1810 he was invited to become crown prince of Sweden taking the name of Charles John, he assumed control of the government. Named marshal of France in 1804, he supported Napoleon in several campaigns (1805–09) but subsequently shifted his allegiance.
He became an ardent supporter of the French Revolution and rose rapidly in the army ranks to brigadier general (1794). Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte born January 26, 1763, Pau, France died March 8, 1844, Stockholm, Swed. He became a favourite on stage and in recordings for the sheer beauty and musicality of his singing.ģ. He remained in Sweden during World War II but returned to the Met for several seasons afterward. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut in 1938 as Rodolfo in La Bohème. Recruited by the Royal Swedish Opera in 1928, he was soon a star performer. He began to sing in public as a child and toured Europe and the United States with his family. died September 9, 1960, Siarö Swedish tenor.
Johan Jonaton Björling born February 2, 1911, Stora Tuna, Swed.
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